This book provides a reflection on why particular poor community under threats of displacement or,in the transitions pf displacement, react and behave in a certain manner and pattern. Such behavior and actions are based on the antecedent experiences, societal marginalization, poor health, fear, threat and perceptions of risk not so much explicit in the protest, sometimes violent. The compilations of the book present the current understanding on the matters discussed with case studies from the countries like India and South Africa, to name a few.

Prof. Douglas C. Boyd is a Professor in the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. His specialization is in the area of Industrial Social Sciences and he has made stellar contribution in studying the community behaviour dynamics of displaced people all over the world. This is his second book in the area. Dr. Shantanu Panigrahi ia a Senior lecturer in the Virtoria Wellington University of New Zealand. He worked extensively among the poor and tribal populations of India and published more then 30 peer reviewed journal papers on them. He specializes in Social Sciences and also works in the areas of sustainable development.

Chapter-1:- An Overview of Direct Cash Transfer and Voucher Schemes. Chapter-2:- Developing Programs for the Poor: Understanding Conditions, Targeting and Sustainable Results. Chapter-3:- Impact of Early Childhood HealthandNutrition, School Meal on Sustenance of Child Education and Developmentin Poor Families . Chapter-4:- Impact of Land Fragmentation, Farm Size, Land Ownership on Rural Economic Status. Chapter-5:-Land Title, Tenure and Low-Income Settlement Characteristics. Chapter-6:- Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) Condition of the Poor: Health Insurance, Piped Water Supply. Chapter-7:- The Forested Land Scapes of India: Special Reference to Orissa.Chapter-8:- Critical Factors forSustainable Social Projects: Learning from Mining Industry. Chapter-9:- The Challenge of Building Local Capacity to Support the Development of a Sustainable Mining Industry. Chapter-10:- The Socio-Economic Aspects of Mine Closure and Sustainable Development: South African Case Study (Part - 1). Chapter-11:- The Socio-Economic Aspects of Mine Closure and Sustainable Development: South African Case Study (Part-2). Chapter – 12:- Direct Cash Transfer: how to Make It Work, what to Expect and what it can Hold for Compensation Design for the Land Displaced.